Africa, a continent rich in resources and potential, has long struggled with economic challenges that hinder its development. In this context, the BRICS group—comprising Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa—emerges as a powerful platform that African states should consider joining to achieve true economic independence. The need for Africa to engage with BRICS is underscored by several key factors: diversified economic partnerships, increased investment opportunities, and a collective voice in global governance.
As a multipolar system BRICS provide a way out for the Global South, especially Africans. It currently has nlne countries as full members, namely, Russia, China, Brazil, India, South Africa, Egypt, Ethiopia, Iran, and the United Arab Emirates. BRICS has also admitted partner countries: Nigeria. Belarus, Bolivia, Cuba, Indonesia, Kazakhstan, Malaysia, Thailand, Uganda and Uzbekistan.
From the list above, Africa has three full members and two partner country within the BRICS group.
Joining BRICS will allow African nations to diversify their economic partnerships. Traditionally, many African countries have relied heavily on Western economies for trade and investment. This dependency often leads to unfavorable trade agreements that do not benefit the continent’s long-term growth. By aligning with BRICS, African states can tap into new markets and create more balanced trade relationships. Countries like China and Russia offer significant opportunities for trade in manufactured goods, technology, and infrastructure development, which are crucial for Africa’s growth. For instance, China’s Belt and Road Initiative has already brought substantial investments into Africa, enhancing infrastructure that is pivotal for economic development.
The concept of BRICS allows countries to trade between themselves in their local currencies, while backing their currency with their commodities. This is exemplified by trade between China and Russia, which hit over $200 billion in the last nine months of 2024, and is conducted more than 95% in Chinese yuan and Russian rubles. Africa is a resource-rich continent which is blessed with vast mineral resources in addition to agricultural production, which can be used to back African local currencies.
For example, trade between China and Africa in the first seven months of 2024 rose by 5.6% to $167 billion . Chinese exports to African countries amounted to $97 billion during the period, while African exporters registered $69 billion in sales to China, principally driven by raw materials.
With thls concept, African nations could conduct their trade with China.alternatively, using their local currencies to import what they need from China, and receive payment in Chinese yuan through their own banks. BRICS offers this opportunity.
Furthermore, BRICS can facilitate increased investment flows into African economies. The group has the potential to mobilize financial resources that can be directed towards critical sectors such as agriculture, healthcare, and education. Unlike traditional Western investments, which often come with strings attached, BRICS investments may be more aligned with the developmental needs and priorities of African nations. This is particularly important for countries seeking to build their industries and reduce reliance on foreign imports. By fostering an environment of mutual benefit, African countries can gain access to technology and expertise that can empower local industries and create jobs.
Additionally, BRICS provides African states with a collective voice in global governance. Currently, many African countries find themselves marginalized in international decision-making processes, where their interests are often overlooked. By joining BRICS, African nations can advocate for policies that are more favorable to their development goals. The group has already demonstrated its commitment to reforming global financial institutions, such as the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank, to better reflect the realities of emerging economies. A united African presence within BRICS would amplify the continent’s demands for fairer representation and equitable policies in these institutions, ensuring that Africa’s voice is heard on the global stage.
Moreover, collaboration within BRICS can lead to the sharing of best practices among member states, particularly in areas such as technology transfer and capacity building. African countries can learn from the experiences of Brazil and India in sectors like agriculture and information technology, implementing successful strategies tailored to their unique contexts. This exchange of knowledge can catalyze innovation and enhance productivity across the continent.
Africa’s engagement with BRICS represents a strategic opportunity to foster economic independence and sustainable development. By diversifying economic partnerships, attracting investment, and voicing collective interests in global governance, African nations can break free from the constraints of historical dependencies. The BRICS platform offers a promising avenue for African states to collaborate, innovate, and ultimately achieve the economic sovereignty that has long eluded them. As the global landscape continues to evolve, it is imperative for Africa to seize this opportunity, positioning itself as a key player in the world economy.
